Synopsis on Consumer Behaving Behaviour

Consumer Buying Behaviour Introduction: Consumer buying behavior is the study of human responses to products or services and the marketing of products/services. The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make their decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption related itemsor consumption related aspects (What they buy? When they buy? How they buy? ). It also study of individuals, or organisations and the processes consumers use to search, select, use and dispose of products, services, experience, or ideas to satisfy needs and its impact on the consumer and society.Buyer behaviour is deeply rooted in psychology with dashes of sociology thrown in just to make things more interesting. Since every person in the world is different, it is impossible to have simple rules that explain how buying decisions are made. But those who have spent many years analysing customer activity have presented us with useful â€Å"guidelines† in how so meone decides whether or not to make a purchase. The evaluation of marketing concept from mere selling concept to consumerorientedmarketing has resulted in buyer behaviour becoming an independentdiscipline.The growth of consumerism and consumer legislation emphasizes theimportance that is given to the consumer. Some consumers are characterized as being more involved in products andshopping than others. A consumer who is highly involved with a product wouldbe interested in knowing a lot about it before purchasing. Hence he readsbrochures thoroughly, compares brands and models available at different outlets, asks questions, and looks for recommendations. Thus consumer buying behaviour can be defined as heightened state of awareness that motivates consumer’s to seek out, attend to, and think about product information prior to purchase.Company profile: The City of Chennai is the Citadel of South. This City is known for promotion of culture, tradition and industry. The House of Kh ivraj is well known in the Automobilein this Metro. The flag ship company of the Group is â€Å"KHIVRAJ MOTORS LTD â€Å". This Company was dealing in the vehicles manufactured by Hindustan Motors Ltd for 35 years. This company was also dealing in two and Three Wheelers of Bajaj Auto Ltd for four decades. Now, the company has taken Dealership for Maruti Vehicles. The Company is proud to have an independent Body shop with modern gadgets.The Company has diverted the Dealership for Bajaj Auto Ltd. ’s products to its sister concerns to have clear focus in its operations. These concerns have modern show rooms and operate speciality ideal workshops for two and Three Wheelers. The automobile turnover of the group has crossed billion rupees. The management of the Company vests with Shri AJIT KUMAR CHORDIA who is a young dynamic technocrat and administrator with admirable skills in different spheres and Shri BHARAT KUMAR CHORDIA a young administrator who is known for his acumen in s everal fields and managerial capacity.They are guided by the Company Chairman Shri NAVARATANMULL CHORDIA who is groomed by the Founder of the Company Late Shri KHIVRAJ CHORDIA. Statement of the Problem: †¢ Consumers are booking for a bike and at last they are not purchasing the bike. †¢ Availability of goods & services at proper time. †¢ Comparing of dealership in terms of price and discount. Need for the Study: †¢ To understand the buying roles of the consumer †¢ To analyse the consumer’s decision making process. †¢ To know growing market segments of company for consumers To know what features or product design acceptable by consumer Objectives of Study: †¢ To understand the major factors influencing consumer behaviour. †¢ To Know and recognize the types of buying behaviour decision behaviour. †¢ To understand how consumers make purchasing decisions and respond to purchasing. †¢ To understand how marketers analyse consumer de cision-making. Scope of the Study: †¢ To distinguish different consumer groups and to develop products that satisfies the needs. To understand how consumers make purchasing choices among products/services. †¢ To know how consumers will respond to different product features, prices, advertisement appeals. Research Methodology: Research methodology is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested. In other words research methodology is an endeavour to discover answers to intellectual and practical problems through the application of scientific method.Research Design: Survey research is the systematic gathering of information from respondents for the purpose of understanding and/or predicting some aspects of the behaviour ofthe population of interest. It is the most common method of collecting primarydata for marketing decisions. Survey can provide data on attitudes, feelings, beliefs, past and intended behaviour, knowledge, ownership, personal characteristics and other descriptive items. Survey research is concerned withadministration of questionnaires (interviewing).The survey research must beconcerned with sampling, questionnaire design, questionnaire administrationand data analysis. Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e. g. , people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen Sample size: The sample size of a statistical sample is the number of observations that constitute it. It is typically denoted n, a positive integer. Total 200 samples taken for analysis and interpretation.Data collection methods: For making analysis and interpreting the data; there are two methods have been used for collecting the data i. e. primary method and secondary method. Tool for data collection: Questionnaire ( Sequence and layout) †¢ Primary Data: Questionnaire Method and interviewing method. †¢ Secondary Data: Marketing Management book and weekly journals. Chapter Scheme: Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Company Profile Chapter 3. Research Methodology Chapter 4. Analysis and Interpretation Chapter 5. Findings recommendations and Conclusion

Negative Side Effects of a Low-Carb Diet Essay

Diet Low-carb diets can be a healthy and efficient weight-loss program, but they can be risky, as carbohydrates are the only sources of energy for your crucial body organs such as the brain, central nervous system and the kidneys. According to the Mayo Clinic, low-carb diets increase the levels of blood sugar and make your body use its fat stores. However, low-cab diets have some negative side effects associated with them. General Body Weakness When you make a transition from a crab-dependent diet to a low-carb diet, your body needs to adjust to the changes, according to Becky Hand, a licensed and registered dietitian. Low-carb diets cause lack of energy in your body because carbohydrates play a role in the burning of fats, which produce energy. Lack of energy in your body can cause dizziness, nausea, headaches and fatigue. Bad Breath Low-carb diets lead to incomplete burning of fats to produce energy in your body, and in the process, ketones are produced, says Anssi H Manninen, an exercise physiologist specializing in sports nutrition and ergogenic aids. Excess ketones in your body come out through your urine and saliva. This causes bad breath among people on low-carb diets. Though you cannot do much to stop bad breath, drinking water and chewing sugar-free gum can help you suppress bad breath, says Shannon Clark, a certified personal trainer and author of â€Å"8 Low-Carb Conundrums. † Constipation Foods in low-carb diets such as beef have little fiber and cause reduction in body fiber, which can lead to constipation. However, constipation occurs due to lack of roughage in your body regardless your nutrition plan, says Clark. You can avoid constipation by including vegetables in your diet, since they have soluble fiber that slows the movement of food in the intestines to ensure complete digestion of food. Dehydration Low-carb diets burn glycogen stores in your body, which have water. Excretion of ketones through your urine causes frequent urination. This loss of water leads to dehydration when you are on a low-carb diet. Dehydration leads to headaches and fatigue. Take a lot of water to replenish the lost water as a remedy to dehydration caused by low-carb diet, reports the Mayo Clinic. Muscle Cramps Diets low in carbohydrates has an effect on your muscles. This is caused by the dehydration due to your low-carb diet and lack of vitamins that are important for the well-being of your muscles. Muscle cramps reduce your fitness and energy levels, says Doctor Arne Astrup. Consume fruits and vegetables with essential vitamins as a remedy for muscle cramps. Key Concepts * Low-carb diet * Effects of low-carb * Lack of carbohydrates References * US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health: Metabolic Effects of the Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets: Misunderstood â€Å"Villains† of Human Metabolism [ http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/18500949 ] * The Mayo Clinic: Low Carb Diets [ http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/low-carb-diet/NU00279 ] * CBSNews. com: Low-Carb Side Effects Cited [ http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/09/02/health/main640566. shtml ] * Bodybuilding. com: 8 Low-Carb Conundrums [ http://www. bodybuilding. com/fun/8-low-carb-conundrums. html ] * Spark People: The Truth About Carbohydrates [ http://www. sparkpeople. com/resource/nutrition_articles. asp? id=590 ] * The Mayo Clinic: Glycemic Index Diet; What’s Behind the Claims [ http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/glycemic-index-diet/MY00770 ]

A Brief History of Hieroglyphics

The word hieroglyph has been applied to the scripts of the Indus civilization and of the Hittites, who also possessed other scripts, in addition to the Mayan, the Incan, and Easter Island writing forms, and also the signs on the Phaistos Disk on Crete, but the strict meaning of the word is used only to describe the carvings on Egyptian monuments. The most ancient hieroglyphs can be dated back to the end of the 4th millennium BC. They describe scenes and are cut in relief, or into the stone, mostly in chapels or tombs. Although it is impossible to know, but these early signs are probably based on the same system that the later set of hieroglyphics, known as classical hieroglyphics is based. Hieroglyphic signs were representations of living beings or inanimate objects by simplistic drawings. Over the years, some of the representations fell out of meaning, such as clubs, which at one time were used as weapons, and other weapons took their place. But they glyph stayed. Sometimes the object described by the glyph completely fell out of daily use and the meaning eventually became lost or it was distorted beyond recognition. Always only a few people in a limited circle understood the script. Only those who needed the knowledge in their professions were able to acquire the task of writing and reading the glyphs. These people were, for example, officials, doctors, and priests. Since the glyphs were too complex for everyday use, hieratic script was developed. Easier abbreviated script was developed for writing by brush stroke on a medium such as papyrus. Classical hieroglyphics evolved through the need to identify a pictorial representation of an event, such as a hunt or a particular battle. Hieroglyphs were added to scenes to signify that the work of art was not just an unknown war or such, but a specific one. This also one of the first times that we see people interested in preserving their history for others to learn about in later times. It was this new attitude toward time and toward history as unique events in time led to the invention of hieroglyphic writing. Hieroglyphics dominated monumental and sacred writings and was accepted in the Greece until the situation was altered with the conversion of the area to Christianity in the nd and 3rd centuries AD. The new religion fought against the Egyptian polytheism and traditions, and with its victory, the Greek script triumphed. The ability to understand the script was lost for many hundreds of years until the failure of Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt turned up the Rosetta Stone on which was written the same statement in three languages, Classical hieroglyphics, Hieratic script, and Greek. With the discovery of thi s asphalt tablet, archeologists were finally able to begin to unlock the key to understanding the long dead written language of hieroglyphics.

Final Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Report - Essay Example It is both the largest meat producer and the second largest processor and food production company in the world. The company works with more than seven thousand independent chicken growers and employs one hundred and ten thousand workers in its four hundred facilities and offices. It operates in more than ninety countries and hopes to be the best source of food for hotels and households. The company’s core value is also to create value for its customers, shareholders and employees. Amazon.com Inc has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington and is the largest online commerce company in the world. It was founded in 1994, by Jeff Bezos, as a bookstore and has expanded to be a multinational company that sells so many products such as electronics, clothes car accessories among other products. The company has used its mission of being the largest web store to include other products such as kindle and cloud space in its portfolio. Time Warner Cable Inc sells TV and basic internet, triple basic, triple play, triple with turbo, digital TV and turbo, basic TV and turbo, internet, phone and intelligent-home. Its products are packaged according to the level and type of usage by customers for example they have the packages for residential homes and offices. The company always works to develop new and state of art products such as the intelligent-home that enable customers to save power and control what happens in his / her home without necessarily being at the house. Amazon.com has partnered with sellers and manufactures such as Dell, HP and publishers who sell their products through its web store. It also has an option for individuals to sell second hand products and products which they don’t use. Amazon products are divided into physical products such as clothes, electronics and furniture and digital products such as ebooks, cloud storage and music. It has developed the kindle where customers can read books, listen to music and share on social media, the

Entrepreneur profile brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Entrepreneur profile brief - Essay Example In addition to working towards economic development, this entrepreneur seems to be also very conscious of the environment and with this in mind; he has helped the people of Ranquitte to develop respect towards the environment and to attempt to restore it as much as possible to its pristine state. Durant, while conducting his activities in Haiti also went there as a missionary in an attempt to evangelize as he helped the community get back to its feet. As the head of the mission program in Ranquitte, Durant worked closely with the local people of the community, not only helping them gain materially through the coffee program, but also spiritually through teaching them of the goodness of God. His ability to take on multiple roles in an attempt to improve the lives of the community is highly commendable because it allowed him to help its people get a well-rounded growth (George Fox University, 2009). The story of Tom Durant is highly inspirational because it allows an individual to get a glimpse at the manner in which, despite the massive secularization as well as the high rates of poverty that plague the world, there are still individuals within it who are willing to help others overcome these problems. Durant’s story is one that is full of hope for the people of Haiti and the rest of the world because it shows them that no matter what the odds are in their life, they can still manage to overcome them and become successful. Through his helping the people of Ranquitte to gain self-sufficiency through the marketing and sale of their coffee, Durant, through his entrepreneurship skills, has made it possible for this product to be recognized for the good qualities that it has. Moreover, Durant states that it is because of his involvement in Haiti that he has gained further spiritual growth because the mission program that he initiated has worked beyond his wildest dreams; imp roving the lives of the

Organizational Theory Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational Theory Design and Change - Essay Example The corporate staff is limited and there is a chief executive officer who governs the business. Functional departments work under the supervision of functional line managers. Functional structure accommodates specialists who can make rational decisions in their respective specialty areas. However, managers may be biased and work for their departments’ interests instead of the organization as a whole. As compared to the functional structure, the multidivisional structure is quite integrated and differentiated, both vertically and horizontally. In the multidivisional structure, there are operating divisions. Each of the operating divisions holds its own business. It is the responsibility of the top corporate officer to assign specific works to specific division managers on daily basis. These works include business strategy and related operations. The multidivisional structure enables corporations to expand operations. Units work with one another in harmony. However, units may oc casionally compete with one another because of the scarcity of resources like finance. Sometimes, it becomes cumbersome for separate units to coordinate with one another. In functional structure, the products vary in form, type and complexity, thus making the control difficult to achieve.

Religion and International Relation - West and Islam Research Paper

Religion and International Relation - West and Islam - Research Paper Example This approach made the Muslim world hate the West to an extent that they disregarded all the successful ways of government of the West also and refused to modernize as they saw modernization as copying the West. This hatred became strong because of the continuous attack of the West for their interests. Be it Iran, Iraq, Palestine or Afghanistan; the decisions of the West were always seen as undemocratic and hostile. West always chose to meet their personal interests and not considering the interest of the people of the country it attacked. This selfish approach of the West made the Muslim world hate the West and these anti-West sentiments developed into religious extremism and made the non-state actors in these Muslim countries to spoil the image of Islam in the global world. The West should understand that it is largely responsible for this treatment of the people in the Muslim world; therefore, it should try to sincerely make efforts to help the Muslim countries develop and regain their past glory. TABLE OF CONTENTS ISLAM AND THE WEST – AN INTRODUCTION 3 ISLAM AND WEST- AN IDEOLOGICAL CLASH 5 INCIDENTS THAT EXACERBATED THE CONFLICT 5 The 9/11 attacks 5 The Arab spring 7 Post Arab Spring, West and the US 8 Palestine-Israel Issue 8 RELIGION AND POLITICS – A BACKGROUND 10 MARX AND FREUD ON RELIGION 11 ISLAM AND CHRISTINIATY – SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES 13 ROOT OF THE CLASH 14 HOW TO RESOLVE THIS CLASH? 17 FORMING A MODERN SOCIETY – A CONCLUSION 18 ISLAM AND THE WEST – AN INTRODUCTION Islam and the West are different entities in many ways, but because of the globalization in the world; we see that there is an increasing interaction between these two entities, which becomes a reason for conflict in many situations. Islam, being one of the oldest religions in the world, and being the second most followed religion in the world after Christianity is seen as a threat to the West. There are many things similar between Christianity a nd Islam including monotheism; however, there is a clear ideological clash between the two due to their very believes and ideas. Islam believes in oneness of God, finality of the prophet-hood and the Qur’an. Muslims can be categorized as very religious and not very religious and they belong to every part of the world, and belong to varying ethnic backgrounds and social classes. They believe in traditions and family and try to keep themselves as aloof from the worldly pleasures as possible. They are proud of their rich culture and their glorious past and want that past to come back. On the other hand, West means the Europe, North America and Australia which is predominantly Christian. The term is more of a geographical classification based on their concept of valuing modernization and technology. They highly regard material pleasures and are secular in their attitudes and beliefs. There is a clear difference in the belief system of the two entities; however, it will be wrong t o say that they are completely two different entities. These days, the Muslim minority of the West is increasing which is making the West to make effort to integrate this minority. These Muslims living in the West are Muslims belonging to different parts of the world, sharing different backgrounds but united because of the concept of monotheism, prophet hood and the holy Qur’an. These Muslims are increasingly taking part in every field of life in the West and are playing an important role in the economic development of the West. Similarly, there are many people living in the Muslim countries that belong to the West and

Cultural Food - Tomatoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural Food - Tomatoes - Essay Example There is further speculation as to how the tomato became more widely available. The most popular school of thought is that Cortez, who was a Spanish explorer who took over the now called Mexico City in 1521 took the yellow fruit to Europe where it gained popularity. Another school of thought is that Christopher Columbus was the first to introduce the tomato. Regardless of this, there was mention of the tomato in European literature in 1544 where it was referred to as a golden apple. The modern-day name tomato is derived from the Nahuatl language but the name Lycopersicum literally translated means ‘wolf-peach’. This was thought to be a reflection of the widely held view, particularly in Europe that the fruit was poisonous and could, therefore, be used to protect against wolves. From a very early stage, tomatoes have been seen as a perfect fruit for cooking in many cultures. Culturally they were very important to those in Southern Mexico region of Pueblo thinking that anyone who saw another individual eating a tomato would gain divination powers. Culturally the tomato had a bit of a slower introduction within Europe. Whilst the Mediterranean climate was perfect for tomato growing there was no immediate evidence that it was used as food. There is evidence that the Spanish used the tomato as fruit from the early 1600s although it is possible that it was recognized as a food before then. Clear recipes including tomatoes were published in 1692 but it was also evident that the main role of the tomato across much of Europe was as a table decoration and not as a food. By contrast in England, the tomato did not get cultivated until the late 16th, early 17th century. There is no denying that the tomato has become a critically important element of modern society and recognized on a global level as an important food item. In modern society, there is a positive attitude towards the fruit although deeply rooted historical perceptions have now shaped the symbolic influence of this widely accepted fruit, be it negative or positive.

Instructional Design Skills and Competencies Dissertation

Instructional Design Skills and Competencies - Dissertation Example This includes internal training courses, formal and informal mentoring, certification programs, and externally run training courses. Unfortunately, this is not the case for all faculty. Although these numbers have increased nationwide, when analyzing data from individual schools, there are many faculty who do not receive this training. The specific topic for this research is the skills that are needed for faculty who are involved in online course development, and the training that is needed to assist in this development. 1.4 Research Problem Write a brief statement that fully describes the problem being addressed. Present this in one sentence or no more than one clear concise paragraph. Through the past decade, the number of higher education institutions that offer online courses has increased, and there has been an increase of enrollment in these courses (Allen and Seaman, 2011). In specific colleges and universities, faculty members are faced with developing these courses without f ormal training in many cases. This lack of knowledge indicates a need for increased knowledge and skill building for all teachers developing and teaching online course. According to Allen and Seaman (2011), 65% of institutions surveyed indicated that online course delivery is critical to an institution’s long-term plans. Also, there has been an increase in acceptance of online courses (Carliner & Driscoll, 2009). Faculty is often responsible for creation, development, and management of online classes (Carliner & Driscoll, 2009), without formal training. Devries (2007) states that there is an assumption that ready-made software automates part of course development processes, leaving only the contributions of subject matter experts (SMEs), who are the faculty-designers. This usually is not true in practice. Although the software may use templates and other tools, faculty may lack understanding of how to use them (De Vries, 2007). Faculty-designers are often met with the tasks o f developing and managing course content, facilitating and recording student activity, providing consultation sessions for students with questions and concerns and developing meaningful learning activities (Ally, 2008). The need for faculty training in these areas is well documented (Ally, 2008; De Vries, 2007) and an effective training program to enhance the skills needed must be found. 1.5 Research Purpose Write a brief statement that fully describes the intent of the study or the reason for conducting the study. Present this in one sentence or no more than one clear concise paragraph. The purpose of this study is to understand the needs of faculty designers who teach and design online courses. The findings from this study will provide insight into instructional design skills currently used by faculty-designers of online higher education courses. It will also provide information about skills required to develop and manage online courses from the faculty-designer perspective. The f uture purpose of this research is to design a training program for a higher education institution where faculty need training. 1.6 Research Question(s) (What do you really want to know? The rest of this form derives from and should constantly be

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example The whistle-blowing is kept within the organization. External whistle-blowing happens when the employee reports any act of wrongdoing by the organization to higher authorities outside the organization. This could be newspapers or any law-enforcement authority. Just like whistle-blowing in a football match, this act is termed as disloyal. The act of whistle-blowing could be anonymous when it is done by an employee who does not want to be identified or acknowledged when the whistle-blower reveals him or herself. Whistle-blowing may lead to distrust, disharmony and conflict among employees. Whistle-blowing should be attempted when the following four conditions are fully met; the need, proximity, capability and as a last resort (Fleddermann 108). Case Study: Vandivier the Whistle-Blower B.F. Goodrich Corporation was in-charge of producing breaks and wheels for military craft and became a major contractor to the Air Force. The design for the product was to be tested and the need for its p erformance mandatory so that the corporation could be awarded the contract. Materials that could work perfectly from the design were not available, hence the design failed to meet the required specifications. Nevertheless, Kermit Vandivier, a technical writer for the corporation wrote a report on the new A7-D brakes that was integral for decision-making process by the Air Force. Vandivier knew that some of the test results had been rigged and raised an alarm but the management thwarted him. His concern was on the safety of the brakes and his legal responsibility. He further contacted his attorney and later the FBI who investigated the matter. Vandivier left the firm later and blew the whistle again to Daily News and the matter was handled by Senator William Proxmire. From the GAO report, the discrepancies were noted but no official action was taken (Fleddermann 115,116). Did Vandivier meet the criteria set out in the previous section for whistle blowing? In other words, was there a need for the whistle to be blown? YES. The conditions set for whistle blowing are; the need, proximity, capability, and last resort. The brakes offered safety for the Air Force staff when their airplanes take off or land or during emergencies. The harm that could be created was clear and important, hence there was need to blow the whistle (Fleddermann 109). Did he have proximity? He also had first hand information about the brakes since he was the one responsible for writing a credible report that would lead to acceptance or disqualification of the product. This made him qualify the second condition of proximity (Fleddermann 109). Was he capable? Although he internally blew the whistle, he was not in a capable position to stop the vice. The management thwarted his efforts and this risked his career and financial security. He left the job and got employment in other firms, yet the issue was not resolved (Fleddermann 109). Was it a last resort? The forth condition to consider before w histle-blowing is that it must be a last resort after focusing on other alternative options, and other available options within the organization do not bear fruit. Vandivier followed this condition. His first attempt was to report to the management about the malpractice. After the management thwarted his efforts, he reported the matter to the U.S Attorney who advised him to

Greek tragedy Essay Example for Free

Greek tragedy Essay The hero in a Greek tragedy I want to compare with the hero Dante in the Divine Comedy is Oedipus in Sophocles Oedipus the King. Concerning their respective process of self-knowledge acquisition, we find some differences: their original recognition of self is dissimilar, and so are their method and result of self-pursuit. First, Oedipus and Dante have different perceptions of self. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus confidently knows who he is and where he comes from-a exiled wanderer saving the Thebans from the Sphinx. On the contrary, in Canto 1 of the Inferno in the Divine Comedy, the author/the protagonist Dante gets lost in the forest of darkness, a symbol of human vice. He is in the dark and perplexed at who he is. Comparing with Oedipus the Greek hero who daringly does his will (he believes human intelligence can compete with God), Dante the Christian hero rather hesitates about himself and thus follows the guide Virgil. Second and accordingly, their method to explore self-knowledge is different: Oedipus does this with human reason whereas Dante with pious belief in God. Oedipus does not intentionally pursue self-knowledge, but just tries his best with intellect to find the truth one after another about the murderer (himself) of the then king Laius-which can be seen as his process to find self-knowledge. Contrarily, through a sacred journey, Dante acquires self-knowledge by following Virgil and Beatrice, and in person seeing the sins and punishments in the Inferno, the redemption in the Purgatory, and the Providence in the Paradise. Paradoxically, the way for Oedipus to gain self-knowledge (truth) drives him into affliction when he step by step gets to know his identity-a patricidal murderer and the cause of plague while Dante acquiring self-knowledge knows that the happiness of eternal life lies in true faith and Providential Love. While Oedipus self-truth is acquired from his downfall (the physical blindness), Dante the protagonists self-knowledge is sublimated into a will in contact with God. All in all, as a tragic hero in search of self-knowledge, Oedipus reflects reason and humanity. It is because in the 5th century B.C., the Sophoclean age, people questioned the nature of everything with reason and thereby faces the dilemma of believing human reason or praying God. But in the theocentric Middle Ages, as a Christian hero, Dante, whose thinking and conceptions are based on religious beliefs, resorts to Gods Infinite Mercy to find self-knowledge and the meaning of life.

Erich Maria Remarque Essay Example for Free

Erich Maria Remarque Essay â€Å"If you tell the truth, you won’t have to remember anything† (Mark Twain). Throughout my life I have come to recognize many truths. Sometimes I would tell the truth and sometimes I would lie, but when I lied I didn’t always get away with it. Although I do lie about some things and get away with it, I still feel bad about doing it. Throughout my life, Algernon and Jack’s false identities, Father Hooper’s sacrifices, Dr. Heidegger’s experiments, Eldorado’s disappointing truth, and Paul’s journey, we are awaken with the truth. The theme of truth has been revolving around all our first quarter readings. In the poem Eldorado by Edgar Allan Poe, a knight is on a journey to find this joyful land, called Eldorado. The knight continues to search for Eldorado, but he knows he has failed. But he keeps searching, and even though, in his mind, he knows that Eldorado is a fictional place, in his heart he still believes it’s real. The knight in Eldorado recognizes a fairly disappointing truth, that Eldorado is a nonexistent place. â€Å"But he grew old-this knight so bold-and oer his heart a shadow fell as he found no spot of ground that looked like Eldorado† (Poe 305). This quote illustrates how the knight realizes there is no Eldorado. Another example of the recognition of truth is in All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, when Paul Baumer realizes the truth about war, and how it really destroys people, physically and mentally. â€Å"I am young, I am twenty years old; yet I know nothing of life but despair, death, fear, and fatuous superficiality cast over an abyss of sorrow. I see how peoples are set against one another, and in silence, unknowingly, foolishly, obediently, innocently slay one another† (Remarque 263). This quote signifies that Paul is very young and that all he knows is death, fear, and despair, and it is because of the war. The war had destroyed him and made Paul a different person. Throughout my life I have come to recognize many truths, but one major one is that nothing in this world is free, even if it doesn’t cost any money, because it still requires work. Nowadays everyone wants to buy the new technology being created, and it has been like this for many years. They also want to buy the clothing that is popular and very expensive. But, neither of the two are free, and they both cost money and both take time to get. I realized this when I was about 8 years old. I would still ask for a lot of things, even though I knew whatever I was asking cost a lot of money, and it was just because everyone else had it. However, when you grow older, you come to recognize that nothing is free and that you have to work for everything. Another important truth that I have come to recognize is that revenge is insignificant and for the irresponsible. When someone does something to you that is cruel or hurtful, you are going to want to get revenge on them, and that’s just how every human being is. I learned that revenge was unimportant a few years ago. My brother told on me for something I did, and I got in a lot of trouble. I was grounded for one week, and that made me furious. So I decided to get revenge on my brother. In the end, when I tried to get revenge, I ended up in more trouble and was grounded for even longer. This has happened to me many times, and I have come to realize that revenge is insignificant, it just makes everything worse. A third, and final, significant truth that I have come to recognize is that everyone will die someday. No matter how old or how young you are, you won’t be alive forever, which is just how life is. So everyone must live their life to the fullest and go out and do things. Don’t kill time, because killing time is priceless, and will never grow back, so why do it. Many people have lists of what they wish to do throughout their lifetime, which is amazing, because these people to realize the fact that they won’t be here one day. I have recognized this truth and am taking it as an advantage, and so should everyone else. Everything is revolved around the truth, whether it’s in your life or in a book you read. However, not many people recognize these truths in life. Once they do, they will be taught remarkable life lessons that will help them out in life. Throughout our lives, I, as well as the characters in the books we have read, have come to recognize many truths about life, which have helped us come to discover many things. Many people should need to start recognizing the truths in their lives, as I did, and it will benefit them in the long run. Works Cited BrainyQuote. Xplore, n. d. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. Holt Elements of Literature. Fifth Course. Essentials of American Literature. Orlando, FL. : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2007. Print. Remarque, Erich Maria, and A. W. Wheen. All Quiet on the Western Front;. Boston: Little, Brown, and, 1929. Print.

Michelangelos Pietàand Leonardo Da Vincis Mona Lisa

Michelangelos Pietà   and Leonardo Da Vincis Mona Lisa The Pietà   (1498-1499) is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture by the renowned artist Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter Basilica in Vatican City. It is the first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist. The statue was commissioned for the French cardinal Jean de Billheres, who was a representative in Rome. The statue was made for the cardinals funeral monument, but was moved to its current location, the first chapel on the right as one enters the basilica, in the 18th century. It is the only piece Michelangelo ever signed (See History after completion). This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. The theme is of Northern origin, popular by that time in France but not yet in Italy. Michelangelos interpretation of the Pietà   is unique to the precedents. It is an important work as it balances the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. The statue is one of the most highly finished works by Michelangelo. The structure is pyramidal, and the vertex coincides with Marys head. The statue widens progressively down the drapery of Marys dress, to the base, the rock of Golgotha. The figures are quite out of proportion, owing to the difficulty of depicting a fully-grown man cradled full-length in a womans lap. Michelangelos Pieta, Figure 1.8 Much of Marys body is concealed by her monumental drapery, and the relationship of the figures appears quite natural. Michelangelos interpretation of the Pieta was far different from those previously created by other artists, as he sculpted a young and beautiful Mary rather than an older woman around 50 years of age. The marks of the Crucifixion are limited to very small nail marks and an indication of the wound in Jesus side. Christs face does not reveal signs of The Passion. Michelangelo did not want his version of The Pieta to represent death, but rather to show the religious vision of abandonment and a serene face of the Son, thus the representation of the communion between man and God by the sanctification through Christ Leonardo da Vinci in probably one of the most renowned artist in the world, in this work we will try to depict who the man is through some of his life and some of his predominate works such as The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and Self Portrait. These works and the man have been analyzed and critiqued over time and we will attempt to see how his affect on us helped shape some of the art world we live in today. Da Vinci was an Italian polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of unquenchable curiosity and feverishly inventive imagination. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote. Marco Rosci points out, however, that while there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods he employed were unusual for his time. The Mona Lisa is a 16th-century portrait painted in oil on a poplar panel by Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci during the Renaissance in Florence, Italy. The work is currently owned by the Government of France and is on display at the Musà ©e du Louvre in Paris under the title Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo. The painting is a half-length portrait and depicts a seated woman (it is almost unanimous that she is Lisa del Giocondo) whose facial expression is frequently described as enigmatic.] The ambiguity of the subjects expression, the monumentality of the composition, and the subtle modeling of forms and atmospheric illusionism were novel qualities that have contributed to the continuing fascination and study of the work.[1] The image is so widely recognized, caricatured, and sought out by visitors to the Louvre that it is considered the most famous painting in the world. Leonardo Da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 or 1504 in Florence, Italy. According to Da Vincis contemporary, Giorgio Vasari, after he had lingered over it four years, left it unfinished. It is known that such behavior is common in most paintings of Leonardo who, later in his life, regretted never having completed a single work.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa He is thought to have continued to work on Mona Lisa for three years after he moved to France and to have finished it shortly before he died in 1519. Leonardo took the painting from Italy to France in 1516 when King Franà §ois I invited the painter to work at the Clos Lucà © near the kings castle in Amboise. Most likely through the heirs of Leonardos assistant Salai, the king bought the painting for 4,000 à ©cus and kept it at Chà ¢teau Fontainebleau, where it remained until given to Louis XIV. Louis XIV moved the painting to the Palace of Versailles. After the French Revolution, it was moved to the Louvre. Napoleon I had it moved to his bedroom in the Tuileries Palace; later it was returned to the Louvre. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) it was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal. There has been much speculation regarding the paintings model and landscape. For example, that Leonardo probably painted his model faithfully since her beauty is not seen as being among the best, even when measured by late Quattro cento (15th century) or even twenty-first century standards. Some art historians in Eastern art, such as Yukio Yashiro, also argue that the landscape in the background of the picture was influenced by Chinese paintings, however this thesis has been contested for lack of clear evidence.[12] Mona Lisa was not well known until the mid-19th century when artists of the emerging Symbolist movement began to appreciate it, and associated it with their ideas about feminine mystique. Critic Walter Pater, in his 1867 essay on Leonardo, expressed this view by describing the figure in the painting as a kind of mythic embodiment of eternal femininity, who is older than the rocks among which she sits and who has been dead many times and learned the secrets of the grave. The Last Supper was created when Leonardo da Vinci was already a well known artist when he created his masterpiece The Last Supper. He painted The Last Supper on the back wall of the dining hall at the Dominican convent of Sta Maria delle Grazie in Italy. The reason this painting is laid out the way it is is that Leonardo was trying to extend the room, to make it look like Jesus and his apostles were sitting at the end of the dining hall. This painting became an instant famous work of art considering the religious aspects of Christianity at the time of its painting and is considered mysterious by some people to hold hidden messages about the life of Christ and his followers. The Last painting of Da Vinci we will look at is his own Self Portrait. The portrait is drawn in red chalk on paper. It depicts the head of an elderly man in three-quarter view, turned towards the viewers right. The subject is distinguished by his long hair and long waving beard which flow over the shoulders and breast. The length of the hair and beard is uncommon in Renaissance portraits and suggests, as now, a person of sagacity. The face has a somewhat aquiline nose and is marked by deep lines on the brow and pouches below the eyes. It appears as if the man has lost his upper front teeth, causing deepening of the grooves from the nostrils. The eyes of the figure do not engage the viewer but gaze ahead, veiled by the long eyebrows, with a sense of solemnity or disillusionment. If this is indeed a self-portrait of Leonardo, his attitude may reflect the fact that by this time his career was largely behind him, and artistic fashion was beginning to leave him behind. The drawing has been drawn in fine lines, shadowed by hatching and executed with the left hand, as was Leonardos habit. The paper has brownish fox marks caused by the accumulation of iron salts due to moisture. It is housed at the Royal Library (Biblioteca Reale) in Turin, Italy, and is not generally viewable by the public due to its fragility and poor condition. This is just a small sample of the work and the life of one of the most famous if not the most famous artist in the world. All of his works have captivated the art community for centuries. This man probably shaped and influenced some of the greatest and brightest people throughout history. He is one of the most beloved artist as well he was very concentric in that it was not only art in which thing he influenced but here we will just talk about his art and how it helped shape the world of today.

Michael Moore´s Bowling For Columbine Essay -- Film Movies

Michael Moore ´s Bowling For Columbine Bowling For Columbine is a well-directed documentary that informs people about gun violence in America. Michael Moore is successful in showing that America has been going through many gun tragedies; and portrays the sense that America’s problems are out of control. He conveys this through informative facts, images, and comparisons. Throughout the film Michael Moore throws many cold facts on the screen that makes it obvious that the strong nation of America is unruly. One of the facts that stand out the most is the number of deaths caused by guns in America per year. In comparison to the other countries, America has an outstanding of 11,127 gun related deaths a year. This is ten times more than all the countries together that are mentioned in the documentary. With this extreme comparison it shows that there is something in America that is making people turn on their fellow man and shoot them in the head. On April 19, 1999 two boys Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, went to school and killed 12 students and one teacher. Michael Moore does not really need to go further than just stating these few words to show how incredibly devastating this day was. How have the social standards reduced themselves to a world where two high school students feel that they have the right to bring firearms to school and open fire? O ne is reminded of an old saying, â€Å"like father like son.† The American government can be seen as the father to all the ...

Geography and Biodiversity of Acre in Brazil :: Geology

Acre is the Westernmost Brazilian state, and neighbor to Amazonas and Rondà ´nia, spanning about 55,000 square miles. Its capital Rio Branco is home to the 288, 907 of the total 438,489 denizens (1996). The whole of Acre is contained within the Amazon Basin and 93% of it is tropical rain forest. Notwithstanding the great extent of deforestation, the biodiversity of Acre and the surrounding Amazon Basin remains extensive; there are the mammoth trees, countless species of palm trees, vines, bushes, ferns; there are copaà ­ba, Brazil-nuts, various fruits such as cupuaà §u and graviola; species of insects, fish, the parrots, araras and other birds, so rare that scientists have yet to describe them; there are cicadas, caimans, the rays, the land-and sweet-water turtles, tapirs, the monkeys, and jaguars. First Rubber Tappers The first upsurge of immigration to the Brazilian Amazon resulted from the European and North American industries' need for rubber at the end of the 19th century. "Seringalistas " as the owners of the new rubber companies, would acquire huge areas of the Brazilian rain forest in order to extract the raw material for the rubber (the latex from the rubber trees). This "rubber boom," which brought wealth to the cities of Belem and Manaus, was eliminated with the British rubber production in Malaysia. Therefore, many of the Seringalistas went bankrupt and returned to the northeast. Once again this condition was reversed during the Second World War, when the Japanese, who were allied with the Germans, usurped the Malaysian plantations. In order to conduct war one must have a supply of rubber, so rubber was once again in high demand in order to supply the allies against the Germans with rubber. People from northeast Brazil returned to extract rubber, which caused the second wave of immigration from the northeast. This time the flood of people was termed the "rubber soldiers" because they had the choice either to go to war against the Germans or become rubber tappers (people who extract latex sap trees and later dry the sap to create rubber). Development of the Amazon Brazil had an uncharted frontier to conquer, but the Amazon was in the way. So the Brazilian government resolved to encourage the clearing of forests and the conversion of previous forestland to pastures via tax benefits and direct subsidies. "With government subsidy in one hand and a chain saw in the other, ranchers and colonists advanced over the rain forest at a frightening pace," felling and burning 23,000 square kilometers (8,880 sq. Geography and Biodiversity of Acre in Brazil :: Geology Acre is the Westernmost Brazilian state, and neighbor to Amazonas and Rondà ´nia, spanning about 55,000 square miles. Its capital Rio Branco is home to the 288, 907 of the total 438,489 denizens (1996). The whole of Acre is contained within the Amazon Basin and 93% of it is tropical rain forest. Notwithstanding the great extent of deforestation, the biodiversity of Acre and the surrounding Amazon Basin remains extensive; there are the mammoth trees, countless species of palm trees, vines, bushes, ferns; there are copaà ­ba, Brazil-nuts, various fruits such as cupuaà §u and graviola; species of insects, fish, the parrots, araras and other birds, so rare that scientists have yet to describe them; there are cicadas, caimans, the rays, the land-and sweet-water turtles, tapirs, the monkeys, and jaguars. First Rubber Tappers The first upsurge of immigration to the Brazilian Amazon resulted from the European and North American industries' need for rubber at the end of the 19th century. "Seringalistas " as the owners of the new rubber companies, would acquire huge areas of the Brazilian rain forest in order to extract the raw material for the rubber (the latex from the rubber trees). This "rubber boom," which brought wealth to the cities of Belem and Manaus, was eliminated with the British rubber production in Malaysia. Therefore, many of the Seringalistas went bankrupt and returned to the northeast. Once again this condition was reversed during the Second World War, when the Japanese, who were allied with the Germans, usurped the Malaysian plantations. In order to conduct war one must have a supply of rubber, so rubber was once again in high demand in order to supply the allies against the Germans with rubber. People from northeast Brazil returned to extract rubber, which caused the second wave of immigration from the northeast. This time the flood of people was termed the "rubber soldiers" because they had the choice either to go to war against the Germans or become rubber tappers (people who extract latex sap trees and later dry the sap to create rubber). Development of the Amazon Brazil had an uncharted frontier to conquer, but the Amazon was in the way. So the Brazilian government resolved to encourage the clearing of forests and the conversion of previous forestland to pastures via tax benefits and direct subsidies. "With government subsidy in one hand and a chain saw in the other, ranchers and colonists advanced over the rain forest at a frightening pace," felling and burning 23,000 square kilometers (8,880 sq.

U.S. vs Microsoft Essay -- Justice vs Microsoft

Microsoft Case Part I: The government has been looking into Microsoft since 1990, when the Federal Trade Commission first started examining charges of monopolistic behavior. In 1995, Microsoft and the U.S. Justice Department reached a settlement that required the company to change a variety of business practices, including key aspects of its licensing agreements with personal computer makers (2). Microsoft has grown into an enormous and powerful corporation by a combination of aggressive business practices and having written operating systems (DOS and Windows) for personal computers. From operating systems it branched out into other software which has, along with the operating system, become something of an industry standard. These software products include, but are not limited to, the Microsoft Office Suite and Internet Explorer browser. One of the leading questions is if this is a â€Å"good† state of affairs: should one company so dominate computing and the Internet when we rely so heavily upon it? The most recent lawsuit involves the Justice Department and 20 state attorneys general. They believe that Microsoft has used its monopoly in operating system software to protect its dominance and eliminate competitors. The government says that in the long run, consumers will be harmed, because there will be less competition and fewer choices. More specifically, the government contends that Microsoft has engaged in actions to preserve its Windows monopoly that violate antitrust laws. The government also maintains that the company has used the power of its Windows monopoly to attempt to monopolize the market for Internet browsing software. In addition, government lawyers allege that the company has committed other anti-competitive acts (2). In addition to the DOJ and the 20 states, several other players are part of the government team against Microsoft: Netscape/AOL, Sun Microsystems, Linux and the Open Source movement, and the Consumer Project on Technology. The keys concerns are illegal tying arrangements with Windows and Internet Explorer; illegal market division between Microsoft and Netscape; and predatory conduct/pricing between Microsoft and Netscape, MS Office and Word Perfect Office and Lotus Office Suite (3). Microsoft contends that it is simply trying to innovate its products. The company contends that its actions are legal and says that t... ... it has the ability to sell that software as it sees fit. Microsoft has a very large share of the operating system market, but Jackson is off base equating Microsoft to Standard Oil. As a consumer, I have a hard time getting upset with Microsoft in general. I like the idea of being able to go to most any computer in this country and immediately be able to use the software. Whether it be Windows or Office products, the look and feel are the same at home or at any workstation. Bibliography 1. Cringely, Robert X. â€Å"Hit Me, Slap Me, Make Me Write Bad Code†. I, Cringely – The Pulpit, (November 11, 1999). [http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit19991118.html] 2. Chandrasekaran, Rajiv. â€Å"U.S. vs Microsoft†. Washington Post, (January, 2000). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/longterm/microsoft/basics.htm] 3. Meeks, Brock. â€Å"Justice vs Microsoft†. MSNBC, (February 24, 2000). [http://www.msnbc.com/news/343334.asp] 4. Zittrain, Jonathan. â€Å"U.S. vs Microsoft: The Expert Opinion†. Chicago Tribune Internet Edition, (February, 2000). [http://chicagotribune.com/tech/news/ws/indx/0,1306,8297-16796,00.html]

Discuss the importance of dreams in Of Mice and Men Essay

Steinbeck’s novella Of Mice and Men is set in America in the 1930s. This was a time and a place where some people were discriminated against because of their lifestyle. The fundamental cause of this was a hierarchy that existed within American civilisation. The rich and the powerful were given a place in society whereas the working class were outcasts. Of Mice and Men is a novella of outcasts. Steinbeck explores how discrimination dominates the lives of these outcasts: racial discrimination against Crooks, age discrimination against Candy, gender discrimination against Curley’s wife and discrimination against Lennie because of his mental disability. The similarity between all the outcasts is that they all dream of an existence where they are not the victims of discrimination, and this dream is their sole motivation in life. Their dream is the American Dream. Through these outcasts, Steinbeck details everything that was morally wrong with 1930s America. The reason for this was the instability of the 1930s American economy; the Wall Street crash in 1929 being one example. The result of this was a high level of unemployment, and it was these people who were the outcasts. 1930s America rejects Lennie because of his mental ineptitude. George protects Lennie from the victimisation he would have to endure, if he were to face 1930s America on his own. George also helps Lennie find a job as he is hopeless on his own, â€Å"If he finds out what a crazy bastard you are, we won’t get no job.† There are two aspects George’s speech that would suggest he is trying to protect Lennie. Firstly the normality of his tone; he is not shouting and therefore Lennie would not feel that there is anything wrong with him. Secondly what George is actually saying; he is giving Lennie advice on how to avoid being victimised. Both Lennie and George have the same dream, but for different reasons. Lennie dreams of having his own bit of land so he can tend rabbits; he is not trying to escape discrimination because he does not understand the concept of it. George, on the other hand, wants to escape discrimination. He wants to live without worrying about Lennie’s every move. He wants Lennie to be safe. It is plainly apparent that Lennie and George’s dream is their only incentive in life; all their efforts are aimed at earning enough money to buy their own bit of land. It is made even more apparent to the reader at the end of the book that their dream is their only incentive in life, â€Å"Come on George. Me an’ you’ll go in an’ get a drink.† Lennie is dead and suddenly the dream is no longer achievable. The reader immediately sees how George’s incentive to save money goes; he is going to go for a drink with Slim where he will likely squander every cent he has. There is evidence to suggest that George never really thought they would ever achieve their dream, â€Å"I think I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed we’d never do her. He usta like to hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would† He had talked about the dream so many times to Lennie, he started to believe it could come true even though he knew, inside, that it would not. Crooks is rejected because he is a Negro. Racism was rife in 1930s America and Negros were the unwanted surplus of American society. Steinbeck shows the reader how Crooks has adapted to protect himself from hurt. Unlike other characters, Crooks considers what can go wrong first before he starts to believe a dream can come true, â€Å"I see hundreds of men come by on the road an’ on the ranches with their bindles in their back an’ that same damn thing in their heads† Crooks has been hurt in the past. He knows the realities of life in 1930s America. The result of not having a dream reflects in the way in which he lives his life. Unlike Lennie, George, Candy and Curley’s wife, Crooks has no incentive in life. Crooks is content to stay in his lodging away from the rest of the world. Although he is not progressing in life; he is not digressing. But given the opportunity he also clings on to Lennie, George and Candy’s dream. This shows that although he does not dream, he has longings and desires. Steinbeck reveals this through use of nostalgic language, in Crooks’ desire to re-experience the feeling of equality he felt when he was a child, â€Å"The white kids came to play at our place, an’ sometimes I went to play with them.† Crooks dreams of equality, this is evident in the books he reads; in particular the Californian Civil Code. He longs for a civilisation where he can be treated equally. For Crooks, his desire for equality dominates his life as dreams dominate the lives of the other outcasts. Candy is discriminated against because he is old and useless. In an environment where respect is earned through physical competence, Candy has no respect from his fellow ranch workers. However, the most painful thing for Candy is the feeling of not belonging and lack of purpose. He has these feelings because he is old and has lived most of his life; he has left no mark on the world. Other workers, younger workers, like Whit, have dreams of making a mark on the world as Candy probably had when he was younger. Whit displays admiration for a former ranch worker he reads about in a magazine who has had a letter published in that magazine. Whit dreams of making a mark on the world and has not even considered the misery that will overcome him if he does not. Steinbeck uses juxtaposition to illustrate to the reader how little respect Candy receives from his fellow workers. Candy could not kill his dog; he is his only companion and he has owned and loved him for years, â€Å"No, I couldn’t do that. I had ‘im for too long.† Candy desperately wants to save his dog here, but the other workers at the ranch do not respect him enough to comply with his wishes. The contrast between Candy’s desperation and the other worker’s casual dismissal of this desperation highlights how little respect Candy receives from his fellow workers. For this reason Candy quickly catches on to Lennie and George’s dream. He has money in the bank, as a result of his compensation for his lost hand, and feels that the dream can come true with their money combined. His dream is his incentive in life; he carries on with his insignificant swamping at the ranch because it is the only thing he can do. If George, Lennie and Candy can somehow make this dream maintainable he can live the rest of his life happily. As a woman Curley’s wife is isolated as women were not equal to men in 1930s America. She is deprived of many things men have: companionship, power and acknowledgement. She dreams of having all these things. But she differs from the other outcasts because she has no hope of achieving her dream. What she believed to be her only shot at achieving her dream has gone. Furthermore she is trapped in a marriage with a callous man who she despises. In fact if it were up to her husband she would remain indoors all day. The men do not like her because they see her as a ‘tart’ and a threat. She could get them ‘canned’, â€Å"I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her.† George discriminates against her because she is a woman. He makes the assumption that any woman in a male lodging is trouble. Through George’s damning reaction to Curley’s wife Steinbeck shows the reader how she will never achieve her dream. She has no power because she is a woman. She only has power over Crooks because he is a Negro, â€Å"You know what I can do if you open your trap?† Steinbeck’s presentation of the situation would suggest she is using Crooks as a scapegoat to disburse her frustrations. And she is indeed because Crooks is trying to defend his room from what he sees as an invasion of his territory, â€Å"You got no rights comin’ in a colored man’s room.† Curley’s wife may have been scornful, but Crooks was equally insensitive to her. She is never acknowledged, her true name is not mentioned, and therefore Crooks’ comment made her turn on him like a whiplash because he is the only one on the ranch over whom she has any power or authority. It is ironic how the death of the forgotten outcast brings about the end of all the other outcasts’ dreams. To conclude, dreams are important in the novella because they are the only thing the outcasts can cling on to. They are discriminated against to the extent that they cannot achieve success; they are doomed to failure. Even their dreams, the only means by which they can escape the monotony of 1930s America, are destroyed by their compromised circumstances. Steinbeck shows the reader how important dreams are for the poor. Only the poor that have a dream can live their lives with their dream as an incentive. Steinbeck sums up the injustice of 1930s America at the end of the novella. Curley’s dream of killing Lennie comes true, it is an evil dream and it is the only one in the novella that comes true; the dream of one man with a little power and authority over the dreams of all the poor. (Although Crooks’ dream of equality does become true it is a long time after the novella is written, and he does not experience this so it can be said that his dream did not come true) Through the dreams of the poor Steinbeck conveys many things that were wrong with 1930s America.

Comparison of the Italian Prison System to Ours Essay

university of phoenix A World aside A Comparison of the Italian prison house abide System to Ours Matthew Kramer 4/23/2011 The Italian punitive system although much old(a) than the the Statesn system ar in truth comparable to each other. Both thrust come from fledgling institutions in the away that lose devil(prenominal) evolved because of officials in senior high school positions as well as relate citizens that induce voiced their opinions on how con games be treated and how they atomic number 18 housed during their sentences. They contribute both experimented with the Pennsylvania and Auburn style types of punitory institutions.While America has primarily bypast with just one of the models Italian prisons render taken a mix of both throughout their demesne. Their types of institutions ar as well as clean much the aforesaid(prenominal) as we nonplus here with problems with overcrowding and under patronage. Italy has designated one-third separate punisha ble housing authorities that atomic number 18 divide into three preventative detention institutions these are as follows The preventive detention centers, the institutions for the proceeding of sentences and the institution of surety measures.However the construct of these institutions has been a problem due to funding and has besides placed many stings in cells that are built for one inmate. America also has the same problem with overcrowding and underfunding cause our country to place to a greater extent inmates in outer spaces that were non designed for that many deal. We forget for not place much than ii inmates to a cell as where in Italy you may see more than two in a cell for a period of time because there is nowhere else to put them.The institutions for the execution of sentencing are dissever into sub groups of arrest centers and detention centers. The institutions of certificate measures are also broken up into prison removedms, work homes, treatment and imprisonment centres and judicial psychiatric hospitals. Ameri nates punitory institutions also excite something similar to this although close of these are accompanied under the same umbrella. Inmates that enter the American system initially go to prison and from there unless sentenced otherwise they for find out be placed in a half(prenominal) way house or probation and parole house.Mental wellness inmates take to the woods to stay at the prison bandage some will be moved to state mental hospitals for save treatment. The race of the two different punitory systems is truly different here in America our inmate population is at almost 2. 5 million as of a survey done in 2008 while in Italy their total inmate population as of 1997 forward was at 55,136 and counting hardly the comparison of metrical composition to each other is truly different. many argue that this is due largely to our immunity and laws that govern our land and the allowance for the discipline to bear arms in the linked States.Italy is a country of great domesticate and is always changing their laws this might also invite an effect of how many inmates also make it in to prison. While American prisons are overrun much more indeedce Italys are this forces us to privatize our correctional institutions to save space and maybe some money but mainly space. Since Italys inmate population is relatively low compared to ours but they do face overcrowding due to the limit of prisons they have built they do not tend to privatize the inmates out.Italys security levels are also similar to ours in they will segregate inmates that are more ferocious and volatile than others. The first level which is their high security is designed to hold inmates that have been convicted of a abhorrence involving the Mafia, kidnapping, extortion or dose trafficking. First level prisoners will be assigned to prisons out of their areas that they live they are also not allowed out of their documentation ar eas which means anything that they do as far as programming, school, talking, walking etc.The minute level which is their medium security and makes up most of their inmate population have all the schooling and programming that is available. The three level or minimum security is the lowest level and are allowed to have little supervision and placed in the least restrictive areas there are. American prisons are generally the same as we have the same levels our inmates are categorised with other levels within these levels that will govern what type of perks they are allowed while locked up. prison life in both countries probably only differs little due to the prison that you are locked up in to the people that make the laws. For everything else how you have to watch your buns and the groups that inmates will place themselves with for protection this does not change just from country to country you will see remains the same. Italy has three types of release that is comparable to Americas parole they are conditional release, absolution and pardon. Conditional release is the most widely used in the country and is more like American parole then the other two.Inmates can be give this if they have served at least 30 months or at least half of their sentence. They must have been good inmates while they were incarcerated and also they must believe that the inmate will be successful if released. They quench must report to someone and get a job and have a place to live which is the same for American inmates on parole. Amnesty can be granted before or afterward the sentence and it basically commutes the sentence this was very unpopular and not used very much and since 1992 no amnesties have been granted.Pardons are the same in Italy as they are in America and can be granted by a regulator or president. Article 111 of the Italian temper which was amended in 1999 will allow the defendant the right to question the charge and all parties to be cross examined. As w here before a person could be convicted based on statements made during the overture phase of a trial. This allows inmates before sentenced or found guilty of a crime the right to face their accuser and question them as to why they are accusing them of committing a crime.The comparison of the two correctional systems you can see a lot of similarities and then there are vague differences. In my opinion I would take the American correctional system over the Italian one. This is due to the reading I have done and the way the Italian courts and correctional system are set up.

My Favourite Personality

MY FAVOURITE reputation Dr. Abdul Qadeer caravan inn As arrow of time moves, the pull up stakes of God prevails and is focused on the emergence of valet endue with exceptional intellectual capabilities and creative abilities. much(prenominal) are the men who, by their good deeds, fill up the edict of God, as revealed in the Holy record I have created man in the scoop up of forms. (Al Quran Surah 95 Ayah 04) These are the people, who are fate to make history in the elevation of nations.Such is the disposition of Dr. Abdul Qadeer khan, who is my favourite personality, who was born in Bhopal on April 1, 1936. As the time has unfolded itself, the Godly qualities enshrined in the words Qadeer symbolized in the name of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan have raised the Pakistani nation to new heights in richly technology. After receiving his early education in Bhopal, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan obtained the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1960 from the University of Karachi.Subsequently, he s tudied in Berlin, West Germany, Holland and Belgium and achieved high competency by means of attending several(prenominal) courses in metallurgic engineering. The restless soul of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan took him to several laboratories in Europe including uranium Enrichment Plant in Holland. The scientific contributions of Dr. Khan have been recognized in several ways. As an active scientist and technologist, he has published to a greater extent than 188 scientific research papers in supranational journals of high repute.It is entirely due to his efforts that the process of enrichment of Uranium was successfully completed in Pakistan. This breakthrough in conclusion resulted in the historic explosion of six nuclear bombs on May 28 and May 30, 1998. Dr. Khan is the only Pakistani to have received the highest civilian award of Nishan-i-Imtiaz twice. He is a person imbued with the nub of serving the cause of Pakistan and Muslim Ummah through his suitable researches, high acumen, intellectual robustness and unwavering devotion.He has been awarded 42 gold medals by various national institutions and organizations. As an ardent supporter of higher education, he sits on the Boards of Governors and Syndicates of numerous universities and institutes. It is rare that a person in single life time accomplishes so much. This is through only by men who are endowed with special abilities by God and who prepare themselves through hard work and devotion to fulfill the bang of serving mankind. May Allah guide our youngsters to the path, which is presented by Dr. Khan.

Reputation Thesis Essay

Hashib, 2 In Shakespeares Othello, the primary(prenominal) characters Cassio and Iago exhibit how Coperni stop study fire be. Iago uses his paper as an utility he manipulates Cassio, Othello and his married woman Emilia. No unrivaled spangs that Iago has dickens colour and is book binding his original self. Othello is under(a) the low that Iago is an comely man, and he puts his assent and combining on him. Iago asteriskts hinting that Desdemona is creation unfaithful to Othello, She did mislead her father, marrying you ( III, iii, 206-208). Othello becomes insane and indeterminate and becomes dubitable of his wife.Iago had bitterness towards Cassio and he convinces Cassio by relation him to assimilate for Othello and Desdemona. Cassio becomes wino and starts to place in a fight. Othello dismisses Cassio for acquire firmly intoxicated and disobeying his orders. Cassio understands he has alienated his write up, however he doesnt know that he was ne ighborhood of an vicious patch trammel by Iago. O, I agree confounded my story I concord wooly-minded the deathless adjourn of myself, and what system is lascivious (2. 3. 251-3) Charlie shining, the star of the smash-up situation comedy twain and a fractional manpower has diverted mint with his witty dialogues. afterwards his break appear with his wife he off to cocaine, alcoholic drink and prostitutes. Media hysteria rapidly arose al around illuminations do do drugss and alcohol problems. Stan Rosenfield draw Charlies 12 measuring border to a lumberman drug bollock in night-time rehab (Woman mean solar day 1). Charlie Sheen was kicked out of the say ii and half men. His one(a) slew changed his total vitality and news report in a ban way. Hashib, 3 A souls genius is this instant match to his/her actions. Iago says temperament is an clean and/ most fancied imposition, lotstimes got without deserve and/ at sea without deserving, (I I, iii, 267-269). sight often makes judgments base on a someones temperament. In directs nightspot our paper is a orotund trip of our lives. We can neer fudge our reputation entirely save make up ones mind it. Hashib, 4 work Consulted Traskos, Kevin T. belt down each The Lawyers? Shakespeare sub judice Appeal. Go. galegroup. com. N. p. , 9 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. . Charlie Shaeens laughable Meltdown. Women daylight Australia 10 may 2010. planetary Onefile. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. http//go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA226779267&v=2. 1&u=nysl_me_77_bnchs&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Shakespeare, William. Othello. cap The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1993. Print. Hashib, 5 whole kit and boodle Citied Charlie Shaeens bizarre Meltdown. Women twenty-four hour period Australia 10 may 2010. common Onefile. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. http//go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA226779267&v=2. 1&u=nysl_me_77_bnchs&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Shakespeare, William. Othello. working cap ital The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1993. Print. Traskos, Kevin T. charge any The Lawyers? Shakespeare well-grounded Appeal. Go. galegroup. com. N. p. , 9 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. . A psyches reputation is directly agree to his/her actions. lean S. M Hashib fulfilment 7 shape E7

College Is It Worth It Essay

estimable directly in our company university direction is no semiper manhoodent an preference or privilege, plainly quite a a necessity. We argon often raise and lettered to reckon that 1 inescapably senior soaring nurtureing in coiffe to advance in life- mea sure. at that indue is a dictum that says if you ge tell apart cultivation is expensive, testify ignorance. solely as applied cognition is forever go on and computers be racetrack or so any occasion, is a college gentility indemnifyfully involve? in that location ar stack who go for never tell apart grade forward pes in a college and be doing happen apart than race who cede their suppresss power point. at that place argon pick ups from both(prenominal) sides that check let out a sensible argument. The master(prenominal) cont halt wherefore big money go to college is non because they trust to solely because they relieve iodin self to. al or so eleventh a nd twelfth graders atomic number 18 pressured by their p arnts to go to college because it is the near thing to do. In the move that Caroline hissing wrote College is a go through of epoch and gold, she states that assimilators go to college because . . . fix hopeed them to go, or whatsoever other(a) argue simply contrasted to the contour of studies for which college is supposedly organized. The scholarly somebody may rush dissimilar ideas most what he or she motives to do in life, al mavin if because they call in that their p bents bang what is vanquish for them, they probably end up doing retri thoive somewhatthing they do non pauperism to do, resulting in creation piteous and resentful. permits grammatical construction it, passing game to college is favorablely p bearigious. ratiocinatisolely nation go to college totally for the surname of universe callight-emitting diode a college student. For few unfledged mint, it is a p rocessed elan to yield by from photographic plate and befit self- admiting without losing the fiscal support of their p arnts.They do non wish to be attend toed mickle upon so they do what would look silk hat in the eyeball of hunting lodge. It is very to a greater extent ram d suffer into our heads that in put to be a nice citizen of society, you should defend many grade of university study. be a college student is by chance a more(prenominal) outlay(predicate)y part than universe, for example, a clerk or a scraps man because of the minus connotations much(prenominal) contrasts receive. exhalation to college and let a degree does not inevitably plug that an several(prenominal) is leaving to happen a barter right aft(prenominal) graduation.It is trying out at that place for late graduates to kick come outstairs a comfortably line of work since in that respect is so much aspiration payable to the crazily change magnitude poem of our existence and a wildrace for the lions protrude by in every(prenominal) field. in beat if they do induct a crinkle, it is comm notwithstanding not in what they got their degree for. many college students would line up that college is a dissolution of specie because they do not admit what they demand to. so one(a) and exclusively(a)r they baffle to allow classes that give secretive to cypher to do with their major(ip)(ip) alone ar save victorious these classes in state to gather a commonplace gentilityal contendment.Upon graduation, near flavour that they are at a damage because more clip could contract been fagged on information more at bottom their field of interpret and less(prenominal) on inappropriate materials. at erst for the pros of having a professed(prenominal) college pedagogy. The major rationalness of only ifton to college is, of class, to get a heavy occupation. College prepares us with donnish companio nship in gear up to survey in the future. accord to Ernest Boyner grittyer(prenominal) reading is essential for proviso for ones future. He states that In spatial terms, pedagogy and tuition may embark on in a classroom, simply course intromit a crap as well as spills over into the life of the campus and the community.Students get hold of in experimential realise and co-curricular activities that pursue nonfigurative ideas and anchorman them in historical-life problems. As the competition to get a enough job is increasing, it is close to impossible to grasp a high paid job without at least a knight bachelors degree. numerous jobs that only utilise to want their workers to energize a high groom lambskin nowadays require some college education repayable to their passing complicated nature. other appearance college is worth the money, however, is because it is one of the few institutions that often contains slew of contrary ethnic and racial backgr ounds. much(prenominal) a pip allows one to pay back their social and communicatory skills because they are undecided to unacquainted(predicate) cultures. This is needful for the accompaniment that a soulfulness does not want to come crossways as un reason towards a true culture. This only, however, comes in trained when you are organism meliorate abroad. College is interchangeable a stepping cavity to congruous a responsible giving because for the frontmost measure most people are very much on their own (that would emphatically entangle me). It is only contrastive from high instill in that not only that trail has to be dealt with, that you maintain to enamour your person-to-person measure and fiscal state as well.They go absent to college and smell bunch that they would most believably come crosswise when they ultimately do go on their own. Bills postulate to be paid, time has to be managed efficiently, and deadlines dupe to be met, sightly ilk in the real realism. College is not only close to acquire a upright job just virtually getting acquaintance and turnout ones horizon. A hooking of courses that are at school are not needed for a definite major but are that there for provoke people who want to learn more round a authentic subject.Bowen explains this by break it down into troika aspects the detail goals for the education die hard are derived. This feed is speculate to serve well students dilate as persons in trine regard cognitive learning, by expanding their fellowship and intellectual powers affective development, by enhancing their moral, religious, and delirious interests and sensibilities and functional(a) competence, by ameliorate their act in citizenship, work, family life, consumer choice, health, and other practical affairs.It is sometimes just as in effect(p) to be an innate(predicate) person and last about a rophy of things rather of being individual who oblige s a lot of money. My entry into an humanistic discipline college after a sprightliness of splutter of being an a-grade science student, had led me to naughtily dish out the complexness of this thing and what i keep up erudite is that college by all odds has its pros and cons. hardly I speak out that college is what you befool of it. It bath be the scoop out time of your life, but only if you want it to.You croup take the negative view about it and think that college is a raging of money, or it house be looked at as a gainsay and enkindle cutting marches that essentially give plant the case law for the rest of your life. No reckon what i learn in this environs that has been apparatus on an organize program to take in tough and self cognizant individuls that result succor make this deteriorating world a offend place to raging in ,even if we dont do it conciously, what I cut for sure is that the education I recieve in this college leave behind f orever and a day be of priceless worth once i step out in the ruthless fish-eat-fish world.

High Schools Students Essay

No fry leave completely whentocks mandates situated d depictful air pressure on develops harbor outim the field to be in equivalencecel our assimilators achieve. give teensy-weensy(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ons leading atomic calculate 18 pass metre and property to bef only itinerarys to m destruction their informs. legion(predicate) leadinghip induce pick to reconstitute their effortless(prenominal) memorial methodicalness. informs engage to seek if this is positivistic or non. The utilization of this depicted object is to delineate if counter carry syllabus has an pith on naturalisechild movement of heights instruct naturaliseing-age childs who argon en cast offed in flowing programing appointeres versus those enrolled in tralatitiousistic come apartes.The forget stage entrusting lie down of quaternity 90- molybdenum house assurees. The handed-downistic initialize leave stinkpot contain of sextette 50 legal proceeding kinfolkes. To pick up disciple name, the police detective leave behind look unity- three scathing atomic show up forth 18as. They argon pedantic feat, pupil bailiwick, and sh exclusivelyow-age child forethought. The savour cosmos leave al whizz rest of bookmans, t virtu eachy(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)lyers and administrators. The pupils of this population forget be naturalise-age childs enrolled at a particular(a)vagantly educate that uses the embarrass format and savants enrolled at a spicy check direct that uses the tralatitious format.To get wind shamnish act, nonwithstanding students who get to immaculate their eleventh crop yr and sequestern the friendly studies ingredient of the g eitherium superior indoctrinate-pitched civilize step t tout ensembley bequeath be employ. To try come on develop and at ecstasyding, the t jolly(prenominal)lyers, administrators a nd slightly students entrust be haphazardly selected. The quality workplace impart exist of dis traverse questionnaires and selective information from the students records to hazard if in that location is a battle with scarf bring out enrolment comp ard to conventional programing.The interrogation tryament explain and explore if oppose muniment versus tralatitious instrument is a rational get for develophouse leaders passim the country. CHAPTER unity cosmos 1. 1 affirmation of line of work It is no surreptitious that instructs in the f wholly in States throw coiffe to a take down place m both(prenominal)(prenominal) an(prenominal)(prenominal) fervor recently for their calamity to touch on the radical gentilityal postulate of students. Glob eithery, students in the united States cast out farther near behind those of recent(prenominal) countries. gentility straighten out is a percolate evince on the lips of politicians and breedingal look forers a resembling.Dobbs surveys that in a world(prenominal) mathssematics skills ladder, the linked States be twenty-fourth out of 29 wealthy, alter countries. well-nigh 5500 students in 262 last conditions were mull their poor process suggests a widening fault among US students and their counterp humanities in atomic human body 63 and Asia (Dobbs, M. , 2004). In profit an international maths & accomplishment pick out describe the heights shoal seniors were out-performed by 90% of rising(prenominal) tried nations in math and by 76% in acquaintance (Hodges, 2003).In edition, students atomic number 18 deuce bit unprep ard. The coalescence for thin preceptal activity reports that just roundwhat 6 million center of concern and advanced trail students do non read at rate pursue. In addition, oer half the students launching college s affectionatenessd at unimaginable forces on college seize exams in recitation, and these dashs be to regulate sexual activity and racial lines (Aratani, 2006). The real logical argument rough naturalise elucidate came in reception to the report, A re cosmos at adventure (2004) which do the preceding(prenominal) statistics and their implications normal to the nation.The subject field delegacy on h geniussty in readingal activity remarked that if a solely(prenominal)placeseas cause had seek to take down our flow procreation executing on whatever nation, it would sire been deemed an act of war. In a nutshell, disciplines in the States were characterized as failed outlines (Finn, 1997). The No tike go forth dirty dog bend (NCBLA) by the infraway scrubbing presidentship is champion of the most innovative developmental domesticises in categorys. okay by recounting in declination 2001 and subscribe into rightfulness on January 8, 2002, this law make expand the national presidential terms portiona ge in the proceeding of putting rear naturalizes and compel advanced obligations on each takehouse districts.The NCLBAs fuelonical tame principles romp stronger right of the aims, administrators and t separatelyers, increase flexibleness and local anesthetic stand out of specie from the national g oernment, expand options for p bents in choosing sh entirelyows, and an channelise magnitude tension on no-hit education methods (No tike left(a) bathroom affect, 2001). Policy buzz off gotrs ar besides trusty non comely for the heighten consumer merriment of the p arents who cede an mobile share in coach preference, nevertheless everywherely for the over tout ensemble infractment of luck and slaying for students who watch only a check lineament in school select (Leckr wiz & Griffith, 2006).To battle these down trends and to suffer for the overbold obligations and banals in the NCLBA, earth education reform has turned to a revise of the anatomical coordinate of the school sidereal mean solar twenty-four hour period clock beat. This include changing the registers from a conventional sextuplet or cardinal consequence solar mean solar day which consisted of 45 to 55 endorsement unity outes that met unremarkable for an inviolate school curriculum to a choke up roll. evade records take some(a)(prenominal) forms, only if basically, the naval division measure per period manifold to close to 90 legal proceeding separately and the number of physiquees taken is cut down from half dozen or septenary-spot to four per semester. 1. 2 report of partSince the trend toward close computer programing began some(prenominal) considerable date ago, and reports wee been merge as to whether overgorge plan has been ripe or ruinous in closure some of the problems of US mellow schools. m whatever(prenominal) an(prenominal) instruments are elusive when it comes to studen t effect. These include, among different(a)wise things, school clime, education lend unmatchedselfs, familial support, necessity and resources. This theater of operations seeks to picture the effectives of turn away plan on the faculty member surgical procedure of exalted school students with deference to the discipline, attendance and bear witness oodles. 1. 3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this demand, the hobby definitions bequeath be apply 4 x 4 shut up plan cardinal assortes, active 90 proceeding in distance, any day for the commencement ceremony semester. quaternity wholly un a like(p) conformati aces, over once again cardinal transactions in s curtilage, all(prenominal) day for the sulphur semester. from each unitary tell apart equals peerless mention (The channelize carry out and choice programming, 1996). A/B barricade computer programming intravenous feeding sortes, or so clubhousety proceedings in length, s ee both some early(a) day (A old age) for an sinless school division. quadruplet all divergent screenes, again clubty proceedings in length, showdown on piece eld (B days) for an faultless year.each class equals one reliance (The qualifying mould and utility(a) computer programming, 1996). combining city occlusive enumeration A crew of 4 x 4 and A/B turn back chronicles (The physique show demonstrate and alternate(a) chronicle, 1996). supple entry A compounding of 4 x 4 and A/B overgorge schedules, just now class length varies from day to day. integrity use On triplet out of every vanadium days throughout the school year, each class could be 90 transactions in length. On the early(a) cardinal days, designated as weighing/ preference Days, each class is 75 legal proceeding in length. An advisement/ option hour is 60 proceeding in length (The transfer procedure and alternating(a) computer programming, 1996). handed-down co iffe vi (or much) 50- transactions classes per day FMS the waxy modular placement intentional by J. Lloyd lift out which introduced utility(prenominal) plan options and fork overd for differing generation for classes depending on the deal of the student and the mean of the particular proposition ply. GHSGT The atomic number 31 extravagantly School show term melodic phrase which mustiness be passed by all seniors in man broad(prenominal) schools in Georgia. Carnegie unit of measurement persistent hundred hours of class or come through clock prison term with an instructor over the course of a year at the secondary school train No baby left wing backside Act NCLBA, 2001 rumpon which tightened federal tone down over the standards and processes of the Statesn cosmos schools. 1. 4 Assumptions of the knowledge This poll assumes that all schools and students and instructors polled are enrolled or reading in schools that pass the regular(pr enominal) formats discussed above, that they arouse no antecedently diagnosed affable disabilities or analyseedness problems and that the school is non participating in any spare enrichment programs which may sift the results of the believe. 1. 5 deduction of the car likewisenThis demand is grievous for anyone evoke in improve education in Ameri washstand lofty-pitched schools. This select is large in that it provides to the clay of look into that run into a) if the give up plan theory is comprehend by teachers and students as efficacious and advantageous and b) if the full stop schedule plan is very responsible for meliorate pedantician exertion ground upon protean movers of attendance, corrective records, and action see stacks. 1. 6 Limitations of the remove This claim is circumscribed by the cosmos of several variables which can non be tried by these researchers or that can non be all told controlled.First, the research obtained is confine to those participants who volitionally elect to slay the surveys and questionnaires in their entirety. each(prenominal) in the flesh(predicate) info to be peaceful is special by the truth of the respondents. Because of the sensitive field of the research, it is delicate to statistically balance the number of respondents from unavoidable categories such(prenominal) as gender, race, income aim, and college plans. It can as well non take into account alert problems in the schools misrelated to scheduling such as teacher turnover, violence, and so on 1. 7 compendiousThe problems set closely by graduate(prenominal) schools in the fall in States are varied and diverse. No one switch over leave alone provide an instant(prenominal) recuperate for all that ails the education scheme. The NCLBA mandates and the customary dying of educational skill has prompted several new(a) methods of tenet, administrating and financing education in America. T he issue of scheduling may hold anticipate as to astir(p) some aspects of schoolman operation. CHAPTER cardinal reassessment of the lit 2. 1 historic scene of stuff schedule Students of the twentieth coke fagged well-nigh all of their high school meter in 45 to 55 minute class periods, cardinal-spot or septette classes a day.During the 1960s, some information-establish ideas emerged, famous the sit down of J. Lloyd Trump, who proposed creating classes of vary lengths depending upon the course. recognition courses with science lab requirements could meet for blow proceeding fleck grouchs could be plan for 40 minutes and tutorials for 20 minutes. This placement was called the fictile modular governance (FMS). Later, a alike case of scheduling was dubbed the of import visualize which resulted in a report profit of amend gradation rate (Carroll, 1995). The plan gives students an extra chance each year to pass a semester class that they may accept failed .In 1984, moreovertocks Goodlad warned education leaders that the handed-down school structure cash in ones chipss way in like manner often conviction on six or 7 class neuters and does non free for assortediate instruction, for protracted research lab work, or for cure and enrichment (Queen, 2000). Eventually, the positive flexibility of man produced discipline issues, scheduling headaches and teacher supplying problems, and FMSs popularity began to wane (Dobbs, W. , 1998) Nonetheless, the grandeur of this agreement has non been overlooked, and it is to a greater extent than than(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) often than non regarded as the precursor to the modernistic pulley- shove off scheduling brass. tradition has continuously contend a usance in high school scheduling. The Carnegie unit of measurement became a standard for visit a students inevitable per annum course load. well-nigh critics of the conventional system l ikened the Carnegie whole to scarcely amassed hind end prison term (Canady and Rettig, 1995). This indicate was reiterated in the national information heraldic bearing on clock sentence and tuitions result of A captive of conviction. It extracts that encyclopaedism in America is a captive of clipping. For the ult one hundred fifty old age, American public schools drive held meter ageless and let education vary.The rule, only seldom diffuse, is mere(a) learn what you can in the condemnation we make available. It should surprise no one that some bright, gumptious students do fairly well. Everyone elsefrom the common student to the dropoutruns into trouble. while is informs warden. ( realmal breeding billing on Time and Learning, 1994, p. 7) The stair is voiceless (Irmsher, 1996). A student impart spend to a greater extent or less 7 hours a day in sevener to nine locations p move upcute seven to nine different lessons and activities which produ ces an neutral and wasteful attempt to instruction.The pace is sullen (Irmsher, 1996). Unfortunately, many administrators, teachers and parents resisted any symbol of change to the system that they had experient themselves. This shelter was challenged with the report A Nation At encouragement was print in 1983 which revealed the American educational system was not up to par with international systems. Thus, restructuring schools became a centre in modify educational doing (Queen, 2000). 2. 2 synopsis of rate of flow acquaintance and surmise pertinent to evade computer programing 2. 2. 1 Overview of sensed Advantages to discontinue schedule some(prenominal) researchers (Dobbs, W., 1998 Hurley, 1997 Zepeda, 1999 Staunton, 1997 Staunton and Adams, 1997 Pisapia, and Westfall, 1997 and Eineder and Bishop, 1997) describe the pas m comprehend strengths and advantages by both students and teachers to occluded front scheduling increase teacher cookery clip (in bot h aggroups and as idiosyncratics). echo the class condemnation for true core subjects such as diction arts and math. half(prenominal) as many students for teachers per semester excess elective class choice for 9th stage students more choices for upperclassmen, including options of right agreement and other high take coursework more than fourth dimension for shutdown of labs, incorporating technology, class trips, and other unhomogeneous applications of intimate square alter school climate and rock-bottom disciplinary referrals to a greater extent beat to do formulation and for steer practice under the way of life of the teacher amend pedantician acquisition by students powerfulness of students to aggregate ample credit to fine-tune early. much man-to-man time among teachers and students In common, surveyed students like the stanch scheduling. They claimed to be get better grads, to rich person time for more in-depth count, and got more direction from the teachers.They say their lives were less hard put and they want having a new set out each semester. roughly all students asked give tongue to they would not want to reverse to the tralatitious schedule. unmatched of the grea stress effect of the 4 x 4 schedule is that students report having less homework. Of the 37 students interviewed, 20 verbalize they had less homework, 7 tell they had more, and 6 verbalize they had about the homogeneous. If you get intot like the teacher, you shamt have to adopt with him all year, or if you dont like the subject. When the semester ends, its like a new school year. Youre not bogged down. plainly, these students reaped academic goods from the change to the 4 x 4 schedule. dickens college preparatory and general students account they were development more and receiving more individual attention (Hurley, 1997). Surveyed teachers indicated that they enjoyed teach less and outlay more time person-to-pers on with students. Teachers learn in hamper scheduling apply more of a team draw near and allowed them to prove more in the schoolroom (Staunton, 1997 Staunton and Adams, 1997). Teachers also describe that their instruction methods and practices changed as break scheduling was implemented.They apply a wider start of strategies and activities. In one Florida pick out of over cardinal high schools on throng scheduling, 40 portion of the teachers report less stress at school, one-third report change magnitude common prep time, and 80 percent celebrated that they favorite(a) the fold schedule to their earlier schedule (Deuel, 1999). in that respect await to be several perceive advantages associated with barricade scheduling. 2. 2. 2 Overview of comprehend Disadvantages to skirt Scheduling several(prenominal) researchers (Dobbs, W., 1998 Hurley, 1997 Zepeda, 1999 Staunton, 1997 Staunton and Adams, 1997 Pisapia, and Westfall, 1997 and Eineder and Bishop, 1997) account the following(a) perceived flunkes and disadvantages by both students and teachers to abash scheduling spare cost in hiring teachers. supernumerary be in adding outer space for teachers or the need for teachers to conk out which agency he has no invariable classroom impediment in reservation up work from absences because scatty one day identical to lacking dickens classes some classes clearly benefit from meeting every day (i. e. playacting arts classes) destiny for teachers to deplume to exploitation new teaching methods cardinal minutes is a yen time to hold the attention of students irregular schedules in which the harder classes all end up lumped into one semester making it in like manner awkward and the coterminous semester too easy. The surmise that in that respect will be a long hoo-ha in amongst resultant courses if they are not taken in supremacyive semesters. The capital disadvantage given(p) by surveyed students is that the classes are too long. Students especially gave this as a weakness when their teachers lectured for nearly all of the time period. another(prenominal)s note that drear classes are au and thentically severe when they are held for 90 minutes (Hurley, 1997). Surveyed teachers voiced concerns about interruptions of attendant framework from one semester to the undermentioned and concord issues with students. However, teacher spirit seemed to be complicated about this issue. well-nigh conflicting dustup teachers feared a ordered break betwixt levels (Scheduling external Languages on the forget, 1998). Other researchers build that some schools truly showed an increase in extraneous dustup shield slews because students could take level I and level II courses in serial semesters (Schoenstein, 1996). almost teachers entangle more booming with the lecture return and had little facilitate with experiment of teaching methods (Staunton, 1997 Staunton and Adams, 19 97). 2. 2. 3 veridical Advantages to closing Scheduling via look for Studies. A temple University canvas open up that cylinder closedown scheduling had distinguishable advantages in academic achievement. Students who make the respect roll at the common chord schools canvas blush wine from 22% to 31%. sit checks uprise by an second-rate of 14 points. In addition, the number of detentions declined while student attendance increase (Evans, Tokarczyk and Rice, 2000). well-nigh recently, a 2006 probe indicated a variety of advantages to cube scheduling. cardinal computerized axial tomography high schools were canvass to keep an eye on what, if any, positive outcomes would result. The researchers use leaven stacks and surveys as a means of selective information arrangement from school counseling counselors, teachers, administrators and students. The occupy erect that gains in math go up profoundly over a two year period, achievement test score averages rose in a statistically epoch-making manner over tercet age, and P sit down and SAT lots change magnitude at bottom the jump terce historic period but then leveled off.(Wilcox, 2006). This account is one of the few longitudinal studies available. This take on also hard-pressed the vastness of time as a factor in ascertain the succeeder of full point scheduling. more or less all of the results which indicated hearty engagements were shown later two or more years (Wilcox, 2006). Clearly some time is prerequisite in order for students and teachers to flex addicted to the changes. few of the school studies Wilcox (2006) examined had been run on a balk schedule for as long as ten years.Unfortunately, not all the schools had service line data for years in the first-year place the quit schedule or had candid with a plosive speech sound schedule. The study unless stresses the level of support by the ply can be a determine factor as to the success of any gramma tical case of block scheduling, which seems to correlate, at to the lowest degree on surface testing of the results, with training procedures and teacher confidence. 2. 2. 4 echt Disadvantages to fend off Scheduling via look StudiesA University of unification Carolina at chapel service pitchers mound study study achievement in reading and math of students in a high school which ran a tri-schedule. This schedule consisted of a tralatitious schedule, a 4 x 4 schedule and cross schedules which all operated in the same single school. The NC country mandated tests in reading, terminology and math were used to determine achievement. For reading and vocabulary test results, in that respect was no statistically satisfying conflict based on the types of schedules. on that point was, however, a statistically crucial difference in math counting subtest.The traditional schedule truism slightly higher(prenominal)(prenominal) haemorrhoid in discernment and storage of numer ic numeration for tenth grade students. Thus, this study supports the sizeableness of passing(a) instruction and contact time to student achievement in mathematics as distinct from other academic skills (Veal and Shreiber, 1999). some other study tested students in the Wilmington region of atomic number 7 Carolina. It, too, found that students on traditional schedules scored higher on tests of algebra, English, biology and history than did students on a block schedule (Lawrence and McPherson, 2000).2. 2. 5 Studies that were nonsensical in find the capacity of Block Scheduling in change magnitude faculty member Achievement. A third northerly Carolina study, this one undertaken by the surgical incision of earthly concern Instruction, compared End-Of-Course (EOC) test pull ahead in five dollar bill areas (English I, Algebra I, biology I, US History, and Economic, juristic and governmental Systems (ELP)). It prototype hit from schools that operated on block schedu les and on traditional schedules for 1993 to 1996.It mentions at the inauguration that the first schools to adopt block schedules in NC were those that had bring low achievement scores to begin with. These schools scores were alter for the purpose of this study. The overall results were inconclusive. whatsoever stop schools showed some improvement in some years but then lower scores in other years. At present, there are essentially no significant differences between groups of blocked and comparable non-blocked school groups in equipment casualty of student performance in state EOC Tests (North Carolina subdivision of creation Instruction, 1997).